Degenerative dementias
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Lewy body dementia – early onset w/ associated psychosis and depression
- Frontotemperal dementias (Pick’s) – change in personality
- Parkinson’s disease
- Idiopathic cerebral ferrocalcinosis (Fahr’s disease)
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
Cardiac, vascular, and anoxia
- Infarction (single, multiple or strategic lacunar)
- Binswanger’s disease (subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy)
- Hemodynamic insufficiency (hypoperfusion or hypoxia)
- Subdural hematoma
Miscellaneous
- Huntington’s disease
- Wilson’s disease
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy
- Neroacanthocytosis
Psychiatric
- Pseudodementia of depression
- Cognitive decline in late-life schizophrenia
Physiologic
- Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Metabolic
- Vitamin deficiencies (B12, folate)
- Endocrinopathies (hypothyroidism)
- Chronic metabolic disturbances (uremia)
Tumor
- Primary or metastatic (meningioma, metastatic breast, metastatic lung)
Traumatic
- Posttraumatic dementia
Infection
- Prion disease (CJD, bovine spongiform encephalitis, Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome)
- Virus: AIDS
- Spirochette: syphilis
- Bacterial: pneumococcal, meningococcal
Demyelinating diseases
- Multiple sclerosis
Drugs and toxins
- Alcohol
- Heavy metals
- Irradiation
- Pseudodementia due to medications (anticholinergics)
- Carbon monoxide