Example of Schedule for Alberta from Alberta Health and Wellness:
AGE |
VACCINE |
2 months |
• DTaP-IPV-Hib |
4 months |
• DTaP-IPV-Hib |
6 months |
• DTaP-IPV-Hib |
6-23 months |
• Influenza |
12 months |
• MMR |
18 months |
• DTaP-IPV-Hib |
4 – 6 years |
• DTaP-IPV |
Grade 5 |
• Hepatitis B (3 doses) |
14 – 16 years |
• dTap |
Diphtheria
- Inactivated toxoid
- Throat: pharyngeal exudates, upper airway obstruction
- Enotoxin: myocarditis, neuritis with paralysis
Tetanus
- Inactivated toxoid
- Clostridium tetani (anaerobic)
- Enters body through open wounds
- Progressive painful muscle spasm due to neurotoxin (resp muscles = asphyxia/death)
Pertussis
- killed organism (acellular)
- Bordatella pertussis
Polio
- Inactivated
- Mild febrile illness –> meningitis
- Paralysis/pain (anterior horn cell damage)
- Residual paralysis
Hemophilus influenza B
- polysaccharide capsule of killed organism conjugated with protein
- Meningitis – neurological sequelae in 10-15% (death in 3%)
Meningococcus C
- Conjugated polysaccharide antigen conjugated with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein
- Purulent meningitis
- Mortality 10%
Measles
- Live attenuated virus
- Maculopapular rash, fever, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
- Complication: encephalitis
- Rash and fever 5-10d post-immunization
Mumps
- Live attenuated virus
- Febrile illness with parotid enlargement
- Complications: aseptic meningitis, sensorineural deafness, orchitis
Rubella
- Live attenuated virus
- German measles
- Rash and fever
- Fetus affected in early pregnancy (cataracts, deafness, congenital cardiac disease)
Contraindications
- Live (MMR, Varicella): immunocompromise, pregnancy
- Killed (DTP, HiB, Polio): fever, neurological diagnosis, seizures, anaphylaxis to last dose
For pain prevention – give Tylenol 4 hr prior